What we cite, and why it matters
Religious content on tawaaf.com — the dua library, the Rituals walkthrough, and the Prepare page — is grounded in classical sources. Every dua we publish carries an inline citation. This page lists the editions and translations we work from.
The internet has plenty of duas with no chain back to a hadith collection. We don't publish those. If a piece of religious content does not have a clean source, we either omit it or flag the absence.
Qur'anic text
- Arabic text. The Madani Mushaf (King Fahd Glorious Qur'an Printing Complex), uthmani script.
- English translation. Sahih International (1997, revised 2010), preferred for clarity. Where another translation reads more accurately for a particular verse we say so in a footnote.
Hadith collections
| Collection | Edition we cite |
|---|---|
| Sahih al-Bukhari | Dar Tawq al-Najat, Beirut, 9 vols. |
| Sahih Muslim | Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut, 5 vols. |
| Sunan Abu Dawud | Maktabat al-Asriyya, Beirut |
| Jami al-Tirmidhi | Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut |
| Sunan al-Nasa'i (Mujtaba) | Maktab al-Matbu'at al-Islamiyya, Aleppo |
| Sunan Ibn Majah | Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyya, Cairo |
For dua compendia we draw on:
- Hisn al-Muslim (The Muslim's Fortress) by Sa'id al-Qahtani — standard reference for daily and journey duas, every entry sourced.
- Al-Adhkar by Imam al-Nawawi — classical compilation, broader scholarly framing.
Authentication tags
Each dua entry in our library carries one of the following gradings, applied by the original collector or by a recognised hadith scholar (Albani, Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut, etc.):
- Sahih — authentic, with a sound chain of transmission.
- Hasan — good, with a chain that meets the threshold for use in practice.
- Da'if — weak. We publish very few of these and only where they relate to virtuous deeds (fada'il al-a'mal) and where the wider scholarly tradition has accepted them.
- Mustahab from Qur'an / Sunnah — for general supplications drawn directly from the Qur'an or from a well-established prophetic practice.
Where scholars disagree
On many ritual details there is more than one valid scholarly position. The Prepare page reflects mainstream consensus — usually the Sunni majority position — and notes when an issue is contested. Where we follow a particular school we say so. We do not claim our preferred position is the only valid one.
None of this is a substitute for a qualified teacher. If you are about to perform Hajj, please find a knowledgeable scholar in your community to walk you through the rituals at least once.
Technical references
- Prayer times. Calculated via the Aladhan API, supporting seven calculation methods (ISNA, MWL, Umm al-Qura, Egyptian, Karachi, Gulf, UOIF).
- Qibla bearing. Calculated client-side using the great-circle bearing from your reported coordinates to the Kaaba (lat 21.4225, lon 39.8262).
- Reverse geocoding for the prayer-times page uses the OpenStreetMap Nominatim service.
Notice an error?
We take this seriously. If you spot an inaccurate citation, a wrong attribution, or a dua we should not have published, write to contact@tawaaf.com with the URL and the issue. We aim to correct verified errors within seven days.